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Introductory Training On ArcGIS



What is ArcMap?

ArcMap is the primary mapping component of ArcGIS Desktop software from ESRI. ArcMap is where you display and explore GIS datasets for your study area, where you assign symbols, and where you create map layouts for printing or publication. ArcMap is also the application you use to create and edit datasets.
ArcMap represents geographic information as a collection of layers and other elements in a map. Common map elements include the data frame containing map layers for a given extent plus a scale bar, north arrow, title, descriptive text, a symbol legend, and so on. ArcGIS is, the world's most popular Desktop GIS software.

Image by Sasin Tipchai from Pixabay

Training Contents
  •       Launching ArcMap
  •       Adding Data in ArcMap
  •       Using Basic Tools in ArcMap
  •       Data Views in ArcMap
  •       Changing Symbology in ArcMap
  •       Working with Spatial Analyst
  •       Calculating Slope in ArcMap

Software:
  •       ArcGIS


Data Set:
  •       emidastrm.shp
  •       emidalat
Image by stokpic from Pixabay
Launching ArcMap

Scenario: We are using ArcGIS 10.3.1.
  • Click on start icon in your desktop
  • Browse to ArcGIS Folder or ArcMap icon
  • Click on ArcMap Icon wait for Program to open 
  • ArcGIS initializing window appears as shown 
ArcGIS Initializing Window 
  • ArcGIS getting Started window appears next
ArcGIS Starting Window 
  • Click on  Blank Map
  • Click Ok
  • ArcMap Window Opens

 Adding Data in ArcMap
  •  Click on Add Data Button in ArcMap as shown in fig below

Add Data Button
          Add Data Window will appear  as shown below
  • Connect Folder with Data Directory and click Ok

Folder Connection Dialogue ArcMap 

  • Navigate to your Data Directory as shown in fig (next), Click emidastrm.shp Once selected click on add button
A message appears informing you about one or more layers with missing spatial reference information. Emidastrm.shp does not have the projection information, although it is based on the UTM coordinate system, same as emidalat. You will learn later how to define a coordinate system.
Adding DataSets in ArcMap Environment 
  • Click ok to dismiss error dialogue
  • Following same steps add emidalat raster
  • You can add multiple data sets at same time by holding ctrl key and adding data set of your choices and then click add, both datasets will appear in table of contents.
  • Click on Zoom to layer to display data set
  • Data Set will be displayed as shown in fig according to order added
  • You can change the drawing orders by dragging and dropping layers up and down.

Basic Tools in ArcMap
 Zoom In, Zoom Out, Pan, Select Elements, Identify

Note: When you hold the mouse point over a tool, a ToolTip appears in a floating box to tell you the name of the tool, a short message about the use of tool appears at bottom of ArcMap window.
Basic Tools in ArcMap 
Basic Tools
Basic Tools Interface 
Zooming Data Set: You can Zoom in and Zoom out Data using Zoom icon
Zoom Tool Interface 
Pan: You can move the map around the screen using Pan Option
Pan Tool
Select Elements: You can use select Elements tool to select features drop down give you multiple select options, Select tool and click on portion of map you want to use, Selected feature will be highlighted as shown in figure below
Select Tool 
 Identify Tool:  Select identify tool to display the information of a feature.
Identify Tool 

Data Display Views in Arc Map
ArcMap has two views 
  • Data Display view (One you will be viewing right know is Data Display view)
  • Layout View: It is used for viewing the map 
  • Both views can be found at lower left corner of display screen

Data Display Views in ArcMap 


                                                                                    
                                                         Data View                                                    Layout View


Changing Symbology in Arc Map

This step is change the symbol for emidastrm
  • Right Click and then click on Properties as shown in figure. Following Layer properties Box will open

Changing Symbology Tab
  • Click the Symbology tab.
  • Click on Box adjacent to text “Symbol” Symbol Selector will open as shown
    Symbology Tab 

  • Click Single Symbols and symbol next
    Changing Symbols 
  • Change width to 3 and color to color of your own choice
  • Select River symbols from left side and click Ok
  • Click Apply
    Symbol Selector 
Now based on your own choice choose symbol color and width Output will change according to classification criterion.
Symbology Changed 
                                               
                                              Classifying Data in ArcMap
Classifying Raster
This step is to display emidalat in the elevation zones of <900, 900-1000, 1000 1100, 1100-1200, 1200-1300, and >1300 meters
  • Right-click emidalat and select Properties from the context menu.
  • Click the Symbology tab
  • Choose 6 classes from image
    Layer Properties Dialogue 
  •  Change Color ramp accordingly and click apply
  •  Click Ok
  •  Click Classified in the left section of frame.
 Click on classify button window as shown in Fig will appear 
Classification Dialogue Box 

  • The Method dropdown list in the Classification dialog offers six methods: Manual, Equal Interval, Defined Interval, Quantile, Natural Breaks (Jenks), and Standard Deviation. Select Manual.
  • There are two ways to set the break values for the elevation zones manually. To use the first method, you will check the box to snap breaks to data values and then click the first break line and drag it to the intended value of 900. You will do the same to set the break lines at 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, and 1337.
  • To use the second method,  you will click the first Cell in the Break Values frame and enter 900.
  • You will click and enter 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1300 for the next four cells. If the break value you entered is changed to a different value, re-enter it. To unselect 1337, which is the highest value, click the empty space below the cell. After entering the break values, Click OK to dismiss the Classification dialog.
Based on methods and color ramp output may be like shown in fig below
Output Image 

Classifying Data in ArcMap (Vector)
  • Right Click on Emidastrm.shp
  • Click on Properties
  • Click on Symbology
    Changing Vector Symbology 
  • Select graduated colors
  • Select LENGTH for value
  • Type 6 in classes
  • Change color Ramp to your own choice
  • Click Apply
  • Display will now change, Note: Click on classify tab again as in previous task.
  • The Method dropdown list in the Classification dialog offers six methods: Manual, Equal Interval, Defined Interval, Quantile, Natural Breaks (Jenks), and Standard Deviation. Select, the method of your choice and see result.


Working With Spatial Analyst in ArcMap

Several extensions are available for ArcMap, including Spatial Analyst, 3D Analyst, and Geostatistical Analyst. For example, you can derive a slope map from emidalat.
  • Select Extensions from Customize in tool menu and check the box for Spatial Analyst.
    Extension ArcMap 
  • Select Toolbar from window as shown 
    ArcMap Toolbar 

    Accessing ToolBar Window 

A window as shown will appear
ArcToolbox 
  • Then select Spatial Analyst.
  • After clicking on the Spatial Analyst toolbar, click the Spatial Analyst dropdown arrow. 
  • Select Surface Analysis and then Slope.
    Slope ToolBar 
  • In the Slope dialog, make sure the Input surface is emidalat, The output measurement is degree, The Z factor is 1, the output cell size is 30 (meters), and the output raster is temporary
  • Click OK.
    Slope tool Interface
  • Slope of emidalat is now added to the Table of Contents
  • A file with name Slope_emidal1 is added and displayed as shown in fig below
    Slope output 
Saving the Document
You can save Task 1 as a map document before exiting ArcMap.
Select Save As from the File menu in ArcMap.
Navigate to the chap1 folder, enter Task 1 for the file name, and click Save.
ArcMap automatically add the extension .mxd to Task 1. Data sets displayed in Task 1 are now saved with Task1.mxd. To reopen Task1.mxd, Task 1.mxd must reside in the same folder as the data sets it references.
To exit ArcMap, simply select Exit from the File menu. To make sure that Task1.mxd is saved correctly, launch ArcMap. Select Open from the File menu, navigate to the chap1 folder, and double-click Task1.

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